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	26. 367 Accesses	Review Exosomal transfer of proteins and RNAs at synapses in the nervous system Neil R Smalheiser Biology Direct 2007, 2:35 (30 November 2007) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment
	27. 370 Accesses	Review Prokaryotic evolution and the tree of life are two different things Eric Bapteste, Maureen A O'Malley, Robert G Beiko, Marc Ereshefsky, J Peter Gogarten, Laura Franklin-Hall, François-Joseph Lapointe, John Dupré, Tal Dagan, Yan Boucher, William Martin Biology Direct 2009, 4:34 (29 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary From philosophical, scientific and epistemological perspectives, we argue that the tree of life can not successfully account for prokaryotic evolution, and we briefly set out alternative models to study their evolution.
	28. 367 Accesses	Research Evolution before genes Vera Vasas, Chrisantha Fernando, Mauro Santos, Stuart Kauffman, Eörs Szathmáry Biology Direct 2012, 7:1 (5 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	29. 361 Accesses	Research Rooting the tree of life by transition analyses Thomas Cavalier-Smith Biology Direct 2006, 1:19 (11 July 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	30. 348 Accesses	Research Polymorphic toxin systems: Comprehensive characterization of trafficking modes, processing, mechanisms of action, immunity and ecology using comparative genomics Dapeng Zhang, Robson F de Souza, Vivek Anantharaman, Lakshminarayan M Iyer, L Aravind Biology Direct 2012, 7:18 (25 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Comprehensive dissection of polymorphic and related secreted toxin systems uncovers nearly 240 toxin and immunity domains with implications for intra-organismal conflict, kin discrimination, pathogenesis and emergence of eukaryotic sub-cellular systems.
	31. 343 Accesses	Research Domain enhanced lookup time accelerated BLAST Grzegorz M Boratyn, Alejandro A Schäffer, Richa Agarwala, Stephen F Altschul, David J Lipman, Thomas L Madden Biology Direct 2012, 7:12 (17 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary DELTA-BLAST is a new BLAST alignment tool for sensitive protein searches that uses conserved domain models to construct a position specific scoring matrix.
	32. 343 Accesses	Discovery notes Description of plant tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) associated with argonaute and identification of their putative targets Guilherme Loss-Morais, Peter M Waterhouse, Rogerio Margis Biology Direct 2013, 8:6 (12 February 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	33. 343 Accesses	Opinion Is evolution Darwinian or/and Lamarckian? Eugene V Koonin, Yuri I Wolf Biology Direct 2009, 4:42 (11 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Darwinian and Lamarckian mechanisms are both important for evolution and seem to belong to different parts of the broad range of complex interactions between genotypes and environment.
	34. 336 Accesses	Research Unification of Cas protein families and a simple scenario for the origin and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems Kira S Makarova, L Aravind, Yuri I Wolf, Eugene V Koonin Biology Direct 2011, 6:38 (14 July 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	35. 324 Accesses	Research Energetics and genetics across the prokaryote-eukaryote divide Nick Lane Biology Direct 2011, 6:35 (30 June 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	36. 320 Accesses	Hypothesis The origin of introns and their role in eukaryogenesis: a compromise solution to the introns-early versus introns-late debate? Eugene V Koonin Biology Direct 2006, 1:22 (14 August 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	37. 309 Accesses	Research Pathway-based classification of cancer subtypes Shinuk Kim, Mark Kon, Charles DeLisi Biology Direct 2012, 7:21 (3 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Determining the most significant pathway biomarkers for differentiating cancer subtypes can provide significantly more reproducible discriminatory gene sets under varying experimental/clinical conditions.
	38. 308 Accesses	Review Early evolution without a tree of life William F Martin Biology Direct 2011, 6:36 (30 June 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	39. 296 Accesses	Research The origin of a derived superkingdom: how a gram-positive bacterium crossed the desert to become an archaeon Ruben E Valas, Philip E Bourne Biology Direct 2011, 6:16 (28 February 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| F1000 Biology
	40. 292 Accesses	Opinion Does the central dogma still stand? Eugene V Koonin Biology Direct 2012, 7:27 (23 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	41. 290 Accesses	Research Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of epithelial tight junction reveals an unexpected cluster of synaptic molecules Vivian W Tang Biology Direct 2006, 1:37 (8 December 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology
	42. 285 Accesses	Research A novel superfamily containing the β-grasp fold involved in binding diverse soluble ligands A Maxwell Burroughs, S Balaji, Lakshminarayan M Iyer, L Aravind Biology Direct 2007, 2:4 (24 January 2007) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	43. 280 Accesses	Discovery notes Surprisingly high number of Twintrons in vertebrates Jessin Janice, Marcin Jąkalski, Wojciech Makałowski Biology Direct 2013, 8:4 (28 January 2013) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	44. 273 Accesses	Research Origin and evolution of the peroxisomal proteome Toni Gabaldón, Berend Snel, Frank van Zimmeren, Wieger Hemrika, Henk Tabak, Martijn A Huynen Biology Direct 2006, 1:8 (23 March 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology
	45. 269 Accesses	Research Molecular evolution of rbcL in three gymnosperm families: identifying adaptive and coevolutionary patterns Lin Sen, Mario A Fares, Bo Liang, Lei Gao, Bo Wang, Ting Wang, Ying-Juan Su Biology Direct 2011, 6:29 (3 June 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	46. 269 Accesses	Research On the molecular mechanism of GC content variation among eubacterial genomes Hao Wu, Zhang Zhang, Songnian Hu, Jun Yu Biology Direct 2012, 7:2 (10 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary New large-scale comparative genome analyses provided further evidences indicating that polymerases involved in either replication or repair pathways underlie the GC content variability in eubacteria.
	47. 268 Accesses	Research Nonsynonymous substitution rate (Ka) is a relatively consistent parameter for defining fast-evolving and slow-evolving protein-coding genes Dapeng Wang, Fei Liu, Lei Wang, Shi Huang, Jun Yu Biology Direct 2011, 6:13 (22 February 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	48. 266 Accesses	Discovery notes AID/APOBEC cytosine deaminase induces genome-wide kataegis Artem G Lada, Alok Dhar, Robert J Boissy, Masayuki Hirano, Aleksandr A Rubel, Igor B Rogozin, Youri I Pavlov Biology Direct 2012, 7:47 (18 December 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	49. 256 Accesses	Hypothesis On the origin of the translation system and the genetic code in the RNA world by means of natural selection, exaptation, and subfunctionalization Yuri I Wolf, Eugene V Koonin Biology Direct 2007, 2:14 (31 May 2007) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	50. 255 Accesses	Research Transcription factor binding sites are highly enriched within microRNA precursor sequences Jittima Piriyapongsa, I King Jordan, Andrew B Conley, Tom Ronan, Neil R Smalheiser Biology Direct 2011, 6:61 (2 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment