Figure 12.

Error minimization levels of 2-letter codes. (a) A 2-letter code obtained using the parsimony principle, with two fixed amino acid assignments shown by dark green highlighting; (b) the result of optimization of the code by permutation of amino acid assignments in (a); (c) the distribution of the costs of random codes, the green line shows the cost of the code in (a), the red line shows the mean, and the blue line shows the optimum; MP = 0.98, the distance from the mean is 3.75 standard deviations.