Biology Direct

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Evolutionary primacy of sodium bioenergetics

Armen Y Mulkidjanian1,2, Michael Y Galperin3, Kira S Makarova3, Yuri I Wolf3 and Eugene V Koonin3*

Author Affiliations

1 School of Physics, University of Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany

2 A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

3 National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA

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Biology Direct 2008, 3:13 doi:10.1186/1745-6150-3-13

Published: 1 April 2008

Additional files

Additional file 1:

Multiple alignment of the transmembrane segments of the c/K subunits of F- and V-type ATPases.p>

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Additional file 2:

Multiple alignment of the catalytic subunits of F- and V-type ATPases used for the construction of the tree in Fig. 5

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