Biology Direct

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On the origin of the translation system and the genetic code in the RNA world by means of natural selection, exaptation, and subfunctionalization

Yuri I Wolf and Eugene V Koonin*

Biology Direct 2007, 2:14 doi:10.1186/1745-6150-2-14

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The transition from noncoded to coded protein synthesis: did coding mRNAs arise from stability-enhancing binding partners to tRNA?

Harold S Bernhardt, Warren P Tate Biology Direct 2010, 5:16 (9 April 2010)

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The fundamental units, processes and patterns of evolution, and the Tree of Life conundrum

Eugene V Koonin, Yuri I Wolf Biology Direct 2009, 4:33 (29 September 2009)

This article is part of a collection on Evolutionary Biology 150...

A tree is a natural representation of evolution owing to the inherent tree-like character of the replication process but the fundamental units of evolution amenable to tree analysis seem to be individual genetic elements rather than complete genomes.

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On the origin of life in the Zinc world. 2. Validation of the hypothesis on the photosynthesizing zinc sulfide edifices as cradles of life on Earth

Armen Y Mulkidjanian, Michael Y Galperin Biology Direct 2009, 4:27 (24 August 2009)

The relatively high zinc content of living cells and its role as cofactor in many key enzymes and RNA structures might reflect the origin of life in zinc-rich environments.

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On the origin of life in the Zinc world: 1. Photosynthesizing, porous edifices built of hydrothermally precipitated zinc sulfide as cradles of life on Earth

Armen Y Mulkidjanian Biology Direct 2009, 4:26 (24 August 2009)

Life may have emerged owing to the ability of porous, hydrothermal zinc sulfide precipitates to store solar energy and reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide, providing nourishment and shelter for the first organisms.

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A four-column theory for the origin of the genetic code: tracing the evolutionary pathways that gave rise to an optimized code

Paul G Higgs Biology Direct 2009, 4:16 (24 April 2009)

This article is part of a collection on Evolutionary Biology 150...

Research   Open Access

One ancestor for two codes viewed from the perspective of two complementary modes of tRNA aminoacylation

Andrei S Rodin, Eörs Szathmáry, Sergei N Rodin Biology Direct 2009, 4:4 (27 January 2009)

This article is part of a collection on Origin and early evolution...

The genetic code mediated in tRNAs by anticodons and the code embodied in tRNA acceptor stems responsible for correct tRNA aminoacylation have one common ancestor, originating even before translation.

Research   Open Access

Evidence from glycine transfer RNA of a frozen accident at the dawn of the genetic code

Harold S Bernhardt, Warren P Tate Biology Direct 2008, 3:53 (17 December 2008)

This article is part of a collection on Origin and early evolution...

We present evidence the first tRNA was specific for glycine, with an NCC anticodon derived from the 3'-CCA of a duplicated hairpin precursor, heralding the dawn of the genetic code.

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Predicting the conformations of peptides and proteins in early evolution

E James Milner-White, Michael J Russell Biology Direct 2008, 3:3 (28 January 2008)

Research   Open Access

Evolution of the genetic code: partial optimization of a random code for robustness to translation error in a rugged fitness landscape

Artem S Novozhilov, Yuri I Wolf, Eugene V Koonin Biology Direct 2007, 2:24 (23 October 2007)

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The cosmological model of eternal inflation and the transition from chance to biological evolution in the history of life

Eugene V Koonin Biology Direct 2007, 2:15 (31 May 2007)